Every factual claim we publish, with its source and the population that was actually studied. Where something is not yet verified to our own standard, it says so here rather than quietly appearing in the copy.
Choline intake
| What we say | Source | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Habitual choline intake in the US remains below the Adequate Intake. | Trujillo-Gonzalez et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2026 | US adults |
| Only 10% of participants met the Adequate Intake for choline. | Suzuki et al., Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2025 | n=203, aged 65 and over |
Alpha-GPC
| What we say | Source | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Research in healthy adults has run at roughly 250–630 mg a day. | Nutrients 2024 (315 mg, Stroop task); a 2018 dose-comparison study (250 and 500 mg); a 2023 trial in cyclists (300 mg) | Healthy adults |
| Higher-dose trials at 800–1,200 mg exist, in a different population. | Sohn et al. 2026 (1,200 mg); a traumatic brain injury trial | Diagnosed cognitive impairment — we never cite these as a target for a healthy adult |
| Alpha-GPC can cross the blood–brain barrier. | Putri et al., Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2026 (narrative review) | Review-level evidence — stated softly for that reason |
Choline bitartrate
| What we say | Source | Population |
|---|---|---|
| In trials with healthy adults, bitartrate has not shown the cognitive benefits people buy it for. | Dumas et al. 2026 (n=20, 1,650 mg): no working-memory performance difference against placebo. Brain activation did change, which is why we say "has not shown the benefits" and not "does not reach the brain". | Healthy adults |
What is on competitors' labels
| What we say | Source | Note |
|---|---|---|
| An energy pouch at 50 mg Alpha-GPC; a nootropic creamer at 300 mg. | The manufacturers' own published product pages, captured 10 August 2026 | Re-checked in the week of publication. Labels change; if one of these is out of date, tell us. |
Not yet verified — so not yet used
These are in our research notes but have not passed our own check, so they do not appear anywhere in our copy:
- The year choline was formally recognized as an essential nutrient, the Adequate Intake figures, and the choline content of an egg. Our source for these is a government fact sheet we have not yet been able to retrieve directly. Until we have read it ourselves, we are not quoting it.
Found something wrong?
Email hello@wealsupplements.com. We would rather correct it than defend it.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.